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Introduction to MCAS
Student Growth Percentile= s


&= #13;
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How was the new model piloted?
pTested the model data, reports, and materials with nine districts in 2009
nCommunity Day Charter School, Franklin, Lowell, Malden, Newton, Northampton, Sharon, Springfield, Winchendon
n
pSuggestions were incorporated into this fall 2009 statewide rollout
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Data now reported as SGP
pGrades 4 through = 8, ELA and mathematics for 2008 and 2009
p
pGrade = 10, ELA and mathematics (measures the change from grade 8 to grade 10). Only available for 2009
Grade = 10 growth is only available for 2009 because we didn’t have enough prior years of test data until that year.
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Now, two measures of growth
pPerformance Le= vels and Scaled Scores show how each student is achieving relative to state standards
<= span style=3D'font-size:57%;visibility:hidden'>p= 3;
<= span style=3D'font-size:57%;visibility:hidden'>p= 3;
pStu= dent Growth Percentiles measure the change in student’s performance over time
Tradit= ional MCAS results answer questions about a student’s achievement relative to grade-level standards but do not address how much a student changes from = year to year. SGP isn’t a better measure; it’s a different one. No= w we have two perspectives through which we can look at student performance.

PER= FORMANCE LEVELS AND SCALED SCORES can answer questions such as:
* <= /b> Is John proficient in 6th grade mathematics?  * Cannot compare John’s scaled scores from year to year

STU= DENT GROWTH PERCENTILE can answer questions such as:
* <= /b>How much did John improve in mathematics from 5th grade to 6th grade? *Did John improve more o= r less than his academic peers?

Key po= ints:
Sca= led scores cannot be meaningfully compared from year to year.
Becaus= e standards differ from grade to grade, so too does the relative difficulty of the MC= AS, as well as how the test results are scaled. The growth model allows for meaningful and valid comparisons over time.

260-28= 0 Advanced
240 &#= 8211; 258 Proficient
220 &#= 8211; 228 Needs Improvement
200 &#= 8211; 218 Warning/Failure
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What is a student growth percentile?
pEach student’s rate of change is compared to “academic peers,” other students in the state with a similar test score history
= p
pThe rate of change is expressed as a percentile.
<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;color:#666600;mso-color-index:2;positio= n: absolute;left:-4.43%;font-family:Wingdings;font-size:75%'>p&= #13;
= p
SGP an= swers questions such as: “How much did John improve in mathematics from 5= th grade to 6th grade, relative to his academic peers?”  If John improved more than 65 pe= rcent of his academic peers, then his student growth percentile would be 65.
Key= points:
Studen= t scores are aggregated to create a median student growth percentile for schools and districts. (Note: Percentile scores can not be averaged. The median S= GP is the midpoint of SGPs in the school—half have scores above= the median, and half have scores below.


If ask= ed: Growth is calculated off of the raw score, not the scaled score.  Students with the same scaled sc= ores may have had different raw scores.
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Example of growth percentile
pGregg’s SGP of 75<= /b> means his growth was higher than 75 percent of his academi= c = peers, and less than 25 percent.
3D"Graph 3D"This
75
Percent of students
Lower growth
Higher growth
Typic= al growth
Key po= ints:
The gr= owth measure is really just a number from 1 to 99, with higher being better.

 DESE: “There are no definit= ions or criteria that tell us definitively how much growth is high or low; it’s just our own professional judgment. (This differs from MCAS performance levels, where professional educators have helped us define wh= at it means to be proficient on each test.)=   The ESE’s guidance is that growth percentiles between abo= ut 40 and 60 are what we would call “typical.” Percentiles a= bove 60 suggest high growth; percentiles below 40 suggest low growth.
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/xZY+dZv/4bw2Zbs9Xbuzo5vBKftA/fwDQdxyh7vD49v+15tzqbw5+ZwAmfv7yZwFLdsDFfvF5/x Fgfw62ZwE2fvkIhkDZ9sPAby+BVyD/dxnLbx6y3tEC9D8zZy/w3tHofyGH/yKV9wKbdytF1xLAfi Ej/tDq9yGn9wHd/tywzHcjE32xnncjTX8h0f7Ss/cxxv8zCX87G+cEupczuvcDwX6y338sr2cu42 8ycXdO0mc+U280B3cABPWvJG9A7/80Kfcxm/bjBXdAk/6zuvdBePc0wXuyGPdBZ3dEm3bikndS3H 81Ff9DTXdPCGdAF/dORO8k0fc0qP9Ron9FW381m/dVwPdU8XTVCH9fmWbdou8jdv8DyfcNwudjbX c2QHbmXfdWP3cWfPdN4OcmvXRQ7HbWo39C8Xdf6G9mhP7XEP9zmHdgxn8YAAADs= ------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0141_image006.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhIQA3AHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALA0AAQAG AB8AgAAAAP+ZAAIeBGIZaMvnYHQRJqsebnpdn33dKJbhyZkpurXgCmMFADs= ------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0140.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
Why measure growth?
pMeasure progre= ss for students at all performance levels
p
pProvide evidence of improvement even among students and schools with low <= /span>achievement
<= span style=3D'font-size:57%;visibility:hidden'>p= 3;
pGive h= igh achieving students and schools something to strive for be= yond proficiency
<= span style=3D'font-size:71%;visibility:hidden'>p
Key po= ints:
Becaus= e the growth model compares students to others with similar MCAS score histories, stud= ents at all levels of achievement can show growth.
Studen= ts with high achievement can show low growth.  Students with low achievement can show high growth.

Growth= measures better enable educators to determine the impact of programs or individual student interventions.
------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0148.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
What is important to know about SGP?
pGrowth is distinct f= rom achievement =
pEach student and subgroup of students is compared to statewide “academic peers”, not to all students statewide
pGrowth is subject-, grade-, and year-specific
pThe percentile is calculated on the change in achievement, not the absolute level
<= span style=3D'font-size:18%;visibility:hidden'>p
1)Often people think that students scoring in the high advanced category don’t have as much “room to grow” and therefore can’t show as much growth as lower performing students. Because we are comparing growth only among academic peers, all students can growth at the 1st or 99th percentile—regardless of whether they have high or low scaled score= s.
2)<= /b>Because this is a relative / normative compariso= n, the amount of growth a student shows depends on the overall state pattern on = the test. If 2008’s grade 6 class as a whole does better on the MCAS math test than the previous 6th grade class did in 2007, then 2008’s 6th graders will have to improve even faster to g= et the same SGP as last year’s 6th graders.

1)Most norm-referenced measures have to do with the l= evel of a variable: a baby born at 8 pounds is at the 69th percentile = for weight. But that’s not what this measure shows. The baby wei= ght analogy would be: if a baby who was born at 8 pounds gains 1 pound in its first month, what percentile growth is that gain of 1 pound, given that t= he baby started out at 8 pounds?


------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0150.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
Rules of thumb for SGP
pTypical student grow= th percentiles are between 40 and 60 on most tests.
pStudents outside this range grew more or grew less than the typical student. =
pDifferences of less = than 10 SGP points are likely not educationally meaningful.
Key po= ints:
------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0157.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
How can growth data be used?
pReconceptualize performance&#= 13;
n Performance =3D achievement + growth
pIdentify strengths a= nd weaknesses in student performance beyond traditional = achievement data
pTarget assistance =
pConduct program evaluations&#= 13;
pEventually, make accountability decisions
Key po= ints:
Growth= adds another dimension to student performance.  Now we can determine:
1)how students are achieving compared to grade-level standards
2)How students are changing from one year to the next compared to their “academic peers”

This w= ill allow all educators to identify strengths and weaknesses they couldn’t previo= usly detect.
It wil= l make it easier to target assistance to schools, programs, etc.
Growth= may eventually be factored into accountability decisions
------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0166.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
Growth Example: Student 1
3D"Slide
Advanced
Proficient
Needs Improvement<= /i>
Warning/Failing
3D"Slide
3D"Slide
3D"Slide
3D"Slide
3D"Slide
80 t= o 99
60 t= o 79
40 t= o 59
20 t= o 39
1 to= 19
SGP
Gina
ç<= span style=3D'font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-ascii-font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";font-size:78%'> 230
35%
<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'>
<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'>
65%
3D"Slide
Typical
2006
2007
2008
Key po= ints:
Gina: = ELA 230 in grade 5 in 2006, and 230 in grade 6 in 2007.

DESE l= ooked at all the students who scored similarly to her to see how they did in ELA in gr= ade 7. Some of those students’ scores dropped substantially, to Warning/Failing. Some students with this test score history get all the w= ay up to Advanced. The typical kid (in the orange part of the triangle) impr= oves a little. Note that this is real data, not projections – this is how kids with this test score history actually performed in 2008.

= In grade 7, Gina again scores 230.  However, look at the distribution of her academic peers.  Most of her academic peers scored higher than she did.  In fac= t, 65% of them scored higher than she did.  She outscored 35% of her academic peers.  Therefore, Gina has a student gr= owth percentile of 35.

Withou= t the growth model, it would seem as if a student scoring 230, 230, 230 is staying put...neither improving nor declining.&n= bsp; However, we can now see from the growth model that this student improved less than 65% of her peers.

If ask= ed:
The SG= P groups on the right define the meaning of the bands in the triangles. The top part = of the triangle – dark brown – corresponds to the scaled scores = for students who achieved 80th to 99th percentile growt= h. The next triangle corresponds to those with 60th to 79th<= /sup> percentile growth, etc.
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file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0166_image016.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhTQBJAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEABQBH AEMAgAAAAAAAAAKphI+py+2PApy0woCx3bxm3YWiko2m+Enn6oHse7nwvJT0ndj4ru+37KMBg7Ah kWU8npLKEbMZekI50qmlap30slEs17H9bsLilqpMPaPH6nXLnYaz5dc2HWy/M7x3vpysl+MHBxh4 UGgIgGi4GDhImJd4GCmpSCn56Ja5tonWWfb51ag32hfKVUqX+nea1ep6mfhqNTtVC3XblKu0S7QK GevYG/QLWdlQAAA7 ------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0170.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
3D"Similar
Advanced
Proficient
Needs Improvement<= /i>
Warning/Failing
3D"Similar
Growth Example: Student 2
Harry
ç<= span style=3D'font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-ascii-font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";font-size:78%'> 244
25%
<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'>
=
75%
2006
2007
2008
Key po= ints:
Harry = scored 248 in grade 5, and 248 in grade 6.  He’s compared with all the students that demonstrated a similar pattern of scoring.
= In grade 7, he scores 244, which doesn’t seem like a big dip in achievement.  However, look = at the distribution of his academic peers.  Most of his academic peers scored higher than he did.  In fact, 75% of them scored h= igher than he did.  He only outsco= red 25% of his academic peers.  Therefore, Harry has a student growth percentile of 25.
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R0lGODlhCQBJAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAAAG AEcAgAAAAAAAAAI0DH5hqJsOGlMoQjorfvr6DmYiN1ohiZrlpqbs+5Wt5Uj0Grv5DJ/83sP5groh 8Dip5WyzAgA7 ------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0172.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
3D"Similar
Advanced
Proficient
Needs Improvement<= /i>
Warning/Failing
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3D"Similar
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Growth Examples: Student 3
Ivy
ç<= span style=3D'font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-ascii-font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";font-size:78%'> 226
8%
=
=
92%
2006
2007
2008
Key po= ints:
Ivy sc= ored 214 in grade 5, and 214 in grade 6.&= nbsp; She’s compared with all the students that demonstrated a sim= ilar pattern of scoring.
In = grade 7, she scores 226.  Whi= le she’s still in the Needs Improvement performance level, look at the distribution of her academic peers. She outscored 92% of her acade= mic peers. Only 8% academic peers scored higher than she did.  Therefore, Ivy has a student = growth percentile of 92.

214 to= 226 seems like a modest improvement, but a growth percentile of 92 indicates that t= his student grew an unusually high amount between grades 6 and 7. Without the growth model, we would have known Ivy had made a big improvement, but we would not have been able to quantify how big it was.
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file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0172_image030.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhCQA4AHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAEAAQAG ADUAgAAAAAAAAAIrTIBgl5vKkHmzRUhvlbrnb4GciIXmeJZW5EDVpsbw7KU0eds1ysu72mrFCgA7 ------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0173.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
Comparison of the three students
92
226
214
214
Ivy
25
244
248
248
Harry
35
230
230
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Gina
SGP
2008
Grade 7
2008
3D"The=
Grade 6
2007
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2006
=
3D"The<= ![endif]> 3D"The= 3D"The<= ![endif]> 3D"The 3D"The<= ![endif]> 3D"The 3D"The 3D"The 3D"The 3D"The=
English language a= rts
3D"The
Key po= ints:
This i= s a numerical representation of the graphical data we just showed.
The st= udent with the lowest absolute score actually demonstrated the most growth (and vice ver= sa).
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Stu= dent growth percentiles for schools
3D"The
Higher <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:24.75%;left:12.73%;width:15.73%;height:4.0%= '>achieving <= /span>
Lower growing<= /div>
Lower achieving <= /span>
Lower growing<= /div>
Higher <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:24.75%;left:78.46%;width:15.73%;height:4.0%= '>achieving <= /span>
Higher <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:32.75%;left:78.46%;width:15.73%;height:4.0%= '>growing<= /div>
Lower achieving <= /span>
Higher <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:70.5%;left:78.46%;width:15.73%;height:4.0%'= >growing<= /div>
Key po= ints:
In a s= catter plot, achievement (% proficient or advanced in ELA, 2009) is plotted against gr= owth (ELA median student growth percentile, 2009) for a random selection of about 200 schools in the state.

Among = schools with about 30 to 35% proficient/advanced, one school’s median student gr= ew at the 23rd percentile, while another grew at about the 70th.

Note t= hat about 2/3 of schools have median SGPs between 40 and 60 (the “typicalR= 21; range).


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R0lGODlhAgDpAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAAABAAB AOQAgAAAAAAAAAIhjAN5qJewXmxGOsrg1RXbzmVT+InbiJ4qmLKr6cbwXJYFADs= ------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/slide0176.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Measuring growth in student performance on MCAS
Next Steps
pPresent Hopkinton Student Growth Percentile reports to staff and School = Committee
pTeach students and parents ab= out SGP
pUse the data in decision maki= ng
Local districts’ frustration trying to get our SGP reports from the state data warehouse was addressed in a recent memo from the Commissioner.
“= ;Our data warehouse is built upon industry standard Cognos tools that were adapted = for use in education. Cognos has performed well in the private sector; howeve= r, it is new to education. Further, Cognos was recently purchased by IBM, and support for the product has suffered during transition. We appreciate the frustration of busy people waiting for reports to run and are working with IBM to solve the problem. We expect you will see progress over the coming days and weeks.”
------=_NextPart_01CA61E9.85A70430 Content-Location: file:///C:/AE69C639/GrowthPresentationSCNov2009_files/master01.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
‹#›
Grade 10 growth is only available for 2009 because we didn’t have enough prior years of test data until that year.
Traditional MCAS results answer questions= about a student’s achievement relative to grade-level standards but do not address how much a student changes from ye= ar to year. SGP isn’t a better mea= sure; it’s a different one. Now we have two perspectives through which we can look at student performance.
PERFORMANCE LEVELS AND SCALED SCORES c= an answer questions such as:
*  Is John proficient in 6th=  grade mathematics?  * Cann= ot compare John’s scaled scores from year to year
STUDENT GROWTH PERCENTILE can answer questions such as:
* How much did John improve in mathematics from 5th grad= e to 6th=  grad= e? *Did J= ohn improve more or less than his academic peers?
Key points:
Scaled scores cannot be meaningfully compared from year to year.
Because standards differ from= grade to grade, so too does the relative difficulty of the MCAS, as well as how the test results are scaled. The gr= owth model allows for meaningful and valid comparisons over time.
260-280 Advanced <= /div>
240 – 258 Proficient= 3;
220 – 228 Needs Improvement
200 – 218 Warning/Failu= re
SGP answers questions such as: “How= much did John improve in mathematics from = 5th=  grad= e to 6th=  grad= e, relative to his academic peers?”&nb= sp; If John improved more than 65 percent of his academic peers, then his student growth percentile would be 65.
Key points:
Student scores are aggregated to create a median stu= dent growth percentile for schools and districts. (Note: Percentile scores can = not be averaged. The median SGP is the midpoint of SGPs in the school—half have scores above the median, and half have scores below. 
If asked: Growth is calculated off of the raw score, not the scaled score.  Students with = the same scaled scores may have had different raw scores.
Key points:
The growth measure is really just a number from 1 to 99, wi= th higher being better.
 DESE: “= There are no definitions or criteria that tell us definitively how much growth is high or low; it’s just our own professional judgment. (This differs = from MCAS performance levels, where professional educators have helped us define what it means to be proficient on each test.)  The ESE’s guidance is that = growth percentiles between about 40 and 60 are what we would call “t= ypical.” Percentiles above 60 suggest high growth; percentiles below 40 suggest low growth.
Key points:
Because the growth model compares students to others with s= imilar MCAS score histories, students at all levels of achievement can show growth.
Students with high achievement can show low growth.  Students with low achievement can= show high growth.
Growth measures better enable educators to determine the im= pact of programs or individual student interventions.
1)Often people think that students scoring in the high advanced category don’t have as mu= ch “room to grow” and therefore can’t show as much growth as lower performing students. Because we are comparing growth only among acad= emic peers, all students can growth at the 1st or 99th percentile—regardless of whe= ther they have high or low scaled scores.
2)Because this is a relative / normative comparison, the amount of growth a student shows depends on the overall state pattern on the test.= If 2008’s grade 6 class as a whole does better on the MCAS math test th= an the previous 6th grade class did in 2007, then 2008’s 6th graders will have to improve even = faster to get the same SGP as last year’s 6th graders.
1)Most norm-referenc= ed measures have to do with the level of a variable: a baby born at 8 pounds = is at the 69th percentile for weight. But that’s not what this measure shows. The ba= by weight analogy would be: if a baby who was born at 8 pounds gains 1 pound = in its first month, what percentile growth is that gain of 1 pound, given that the baby started out at 8 pounds?
2)
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